113 GENERAL BIOLOGY. 3 hours. GEN ED D-1
An introductory course in biology for the non-science major which emphasizes the organization of life systems integrated with major principles and new discoveries. Lecture, three hours. (every semester and summer). Online Course Materials.

114 GENERAL BIOLOGY LAB 1 hour. GEN ED D-1
A laboratory course correlated with Biology 113 for non majors emphasizing experimentation, current topics of biological importance, and fundamental biological principles.
Laboratory, two hours. Online Course Materials.

120 BIOLOGICAL CONCEPTS. 3 HOURS. GEN ED D-1
Introductory course in biology for science majors. Lecture emphasizes unifying concepts of biology, including, but not limited to, organization cell structure and function, metabolism, ecological organization and evolutionary principles. Lecture, three hours. (every semester and summer)
Online Course Materials

121 BIOLOGICAL CONCEPTS LABORATORY. 1 HOUR. GEN ED D-1 (DL)
Corequisite: BIOL 120.
Introductory laboratory in biology for science majors which focuses on experimental aspects of biological concepts. Laboratory, two hours (every semester and summer). OnLine Course Materials

131 HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY. 4 HOURS GEN ED D-I (DL)
A basic anatomy and physiology course designed for students in physical education, home economics and health science careers. Emphasis is placed upon the concept of homeostasis and relationship of structure and function. Lecture, three hours; laboratory, two hours. (every semester and summer). Online Syllabi

204 INTRODUCTION TO CLINICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE. 1 HOUR.
Prerequisites: BIOL 120-121 or an equivalent course.
To introduce students to the profession of clinical laboratory science, also known as medical technology. Attention will also be given to the roles of other professionals who work with the technologists as a team to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of disease. (spring). Online Syllabi

207 GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY. 3 hours. GEN ED D-I
An introduction to microorganisms and their importance to humans (for non-biology majors). Approximately one third of the course is devoted to each of the three major areas of microbiology: organismal, environmental, and medical. Lecture, three hours. (May be taken with or without the correlated laboratory course, BIOL 208, dependent upon the students curriculum requirements). (every semester and summer) Online Syllabi

208 GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY LABORATORY 1 hour. GEN ED D-I (DL)
Prerequisite or Corequisite: BIOL 207.
A laboratory course correlated with BIOL 207. Laboratory, two hours. (every semester and summer). Online Syllabi

220 INTRODUCTION TO MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY. 3 hours.
Prerequisites: BIOL 120-121; CHEM 120-121. Corequisite: BIOL 221.
Introduction to molecular and cell structure, relating molecular structure and function to cell structure and function. Special emphasis upon protein and nucleic acid structure and function and their role in coordinating cellular activities. Lecture, three hours. (every semester and summer of even years). Online Syllabi

221 INTRODUCTION TO MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY LAB. 1 hour.
Corequisite: BIOL 220.
Laboratory course presenting fundamental techniques for the isolation and characterization of biological molecules, with an emphasis on proteins and nucleic acids. Laboratory two hours. (every semester and summer of even years). Online Syllabi

222 GENERAL BOTANY. 3 hours. Prerequisite: BIOL 120-121. Corequisite: BIOL 223.
Morphology, development, and evolutionary relationships of the fungi, algae and plants. Lecture, three hours. (every semester and summer, odd years). Online Syllabi

223 GENERAL BOTANY LAB. 1 hour.
Corequisite or prerequisite: BIOL 222.
A laboratory course correlated with BIOL 222,. Laboratory, two hours. (every semester and summer, odd years) Online Syllabi

224 GENERAL ZOOLOGY. 3 hours.
Prerequisite: BIOL 120,121. Corequisite: BIOL 225.
Phylogenetic relationships of the major protozoan and metazoan taxa with emphasis upon systems which have evolved to maintain organismal and population homeostasis. Lecture, three hours. (every semester and summer, even years) Online Syllabi

225 GENERAL ZOOLOGY LAB. 1 hour.
Corequisite or prerequisite: BIOL 224.
A laboratory course correlated with BIOL 224. Laboratory, two hours. (every semester and summer, even years). Online Syllabi

231 ADVANCED HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY. 4 hours.
Prerequisites: BIOL (131 with grade of "C" or better) or equivalent.
Human anatomy and physiology for health science career students emphasizing an integrated organ systems approach to body function. Lecture, three hours; laboratory, two hours. (every semester and summer). Online Syllabi

280 INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. 3 hours. GEN ED D-I
An introductory course devoted to the study of environmental issues. A general understanding of application of science to solution of contemporary environmental problems. Lecture, three hours. (fall, spring) (Cross listed with CH 280, CHEM 280, ENV 280, and GEOG 280) (fall, spring). Online Syllabi

283 INTRODUCTORY BIOSTATISTICS. 4 hours.
Prerequisite: BIOL 120-121, 222-223 or 224-225 and MATH 118.
Introduction to statistical techniques and experimental design applied to the biological sciences. Probability and distributions, descriptive statistics, hypothesis testing and statistical inference using t-statistics, regression, ANOVA, chi-square, non-parametic tests. Use of computers and analysis of real data are emphasized. Lecture, three hours; laboratory, two hours. (fall) Online Syllabi

295 INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH METHODOLOGY. 1 HOUR. GEN ED
To familiarize Ogden Research Scholars and other research oriented students with the fundamentals of choosing a research topic, performing a bibliographical search on a subject, classification or instruments, data taking, data reduction, professional ethics and other research oriented topics. The common points of research methodology in the different scientific ares will be accentuated. Examples will be drawn from the various disciplines. Use of computers will be emphasized. (Course does not count towards any major or minor). (fall). Online Syllabi

300 GENETICS AND HUMAN AFFAIRS. 3 HOURS. GEN ED D-I
A course in basic hereditary principles for non-science majors. Emphasis is placed upon the application of genetic information to the life of humans, including its biological, medical, social, and evolutionary implications. Lecture, three hours. (on demand). Online Syllabi

302 HUMAN BIOLOGY. 3 hours. GEN ED D-I
A survey of body systems with special emphasis on human reproduction, embryological development and infectious diseases. Designed for non-science majors. Lecture, three hours. (on demand). Online Syllabi

309 BACTERIOLOGY. 3 hours.
Prerequisite: BIOL 220. Corequisite: BIOL 310.
A study of morphological, cultural, and biochemical characteristics of important groups of bacteria. Lecture, three hours. (every semester, summer, odd years). Online Syllabi

310 BACTERIOLOGY LABORATORY. 1 hour.
Corequisite: BIOL 309.
A laboratory course correlated with BIOL 309. Laboratory, two hours. (every semester, summer, odd years). Online Syllabi

315 ECOLOGY. 4 HOURS. GEN ED
Prerequisites: BIOL 222-223, 224-225 or consent of instructor.
A study of the fundamental principles of the ecology of plants and animals. Lecture, three hours; laboratory, two hours (every semester). Online Syllabi

321 COMPARATIVE ANATOMY. 4 hours.
Prerequisites: BIOL 224-225.
A comparative study of the morphology and relationships of the organ systems of some typical vertebrates. Lecture three hours; laboratory, four hours. (every semester). Online Syllabi

325 ENTOMOLOGY. 4 hours.
Prerequisites: BIOL 224-225. A study of the structure, identification, and control of insects. Lecture, two hours; laboratory, two hours. (fall, odd years). Online Syllabi

326 ORNITHOLOGY. 3 hours.
Prerequisites: BIOL 115 or 120-121.
A study of the general characteristics, economic importance, history, structure, classification and identification of birds. Lectures and field trips. (spring, even; summer, odd years). Online Syllabi

327 GENETICS. 4 hours.
Prerequisites: BIOL 220-221, 222-223, 224-225.
A study of the fundamental principles of heredity as applied to plants and animals. Lecture, three hours; laboratory, two hours. (every semester, summer, even years). Online Syllabi

329 BASIC PATHOLOGY OF DISEASE PROCESS. 3 hours.
Prerequisites: BIOL 131 and HE 290.
An introductory study of the functional changes that characterize a disease syndrome and the relationship of these to diagnosis, treatment, care, and prognosis. (Open to healthcare information systems students only.) Lecture, three hours. (fall). Online Syllabi

330 ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY. 3 hours.
Prerequisite: BIOL 220-221. Corequisite: BIOL 331.
A course dealing with the functions of the animal systems. Lecture, three hours. (every semester, summer, even years). Online Syllabi

331 ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY LABORATORY. 1 hour.
Corequisite: BIOL 330.
A laboratory course correlated with BIOL 330. Laboratory, three hours. (every semester, summer, even years). Online Syllabi

340 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY. 4 hours.
Prerequisite: BIOL 220-221.
A descriptive investigation of the genetic and biochemical processes that regulate development of microbes, plants and animals. Lecture, three hours; laboratory, two hours. (fall). Online Syllabi

344 BIOLOGY OF AGING. 3 hours.
Prerequisites: 3 hours of biology, or permission of the instructor.
An introductory study of the mechanisms of aging processes with special emphasis on humans. Unfavorable progressive changes in molecules, cells, organs and organ systems will be discussed. Designed for non-biology majors. Lecture, three hours. (on demand). Online Syllabi

348 PLANT TAXONOMY. 4 hours.
Prerequisites: BIOL 222-223 or consent of instructor.
A course emphasizing the identification of the local species of vascular plants. In lecture, basic taxonomic principles, phylogeny and modern biosystematic procedures will be considered. Lecture, two hours; laboratory, four hours. (spring). Online Syllabi

350 INTRODUCTION TO RECOMBINANT GENETICS. 3 hours.
Prerequisites: 220-221.
This course will introduce students to the basic mechanisms of genetic recombination, both in living cells and in vitro. Topics that will be discussed include: genomic organization, genetic recombination, genetic mapping, gene cloning and cloning vectors, and physical mapping of genes. The laboratory will cover methods for the isolation, cloning, labeling, and reintroduction into cells of recombinant vectors. Lecture, two hours; laboratory, two hours. (every semester) Online Syllabi

369 COOPERATIVE EDUCATION IN BIOLOGY I. 3 hours.
Prerequisite: Sophomore or junior standing.
Practical out-of-the classroom experience in a supervised work situation with a cooperating business, industry, or governmental agency, emphasizing application of knowledge and skills in specific areas of biology. (every semester and summer). Online Syllabi

389 COOPERATIVE EDUCATION IN BIOLOGY II. 3 hours.
Prerequisite: Junior standing.
Practical out-of-the classroom experience in a supervised work situation with a cooperating business, industry, or governmental agency, emphasizing application of knowledge and skills in specific areas of biology. (every semester and summer). Online Syllabi

398 UNDERGRADUATE SEMINAR. 1 hour.
Prerequisite: Senior standing.
Student presentation and discussion of selected topics in biology with faculty direction. (every semester) Online Syllabi

399 RESEARCH PROBLEMS IN BIOLOGY. 1-3 hours.
Prerequisite: Consent of research project director.
A study involving a research project under faculty supervision. May be repeated with a maximum of 6 hours counted for graduation. (every semester and summer). Online Syllabi

400 PLANT PHYSIOLOGY. 3 hours.
Prerequisites: BIOL 222-223 and two semesters of chemistry.
A study of the function of plant systems. Lecture, two hours; laboratory, two hours (spring, odd years). Online Syllabi

402 EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY OF PLANTS. 4 hours
Prerequisites: BIOL 222-223.
An examination of our current understanding of the evolutionary relationships of vascular plants, based upon morphological, molecular, and anatomical evidence. Emphasis will be placed upon how the hypotheses of relationships affect our understanding of plant form and function. Lecture, three hours; laboratory, two hours (spring, even years). Online Syllabi

404 TECHNIQUES AND THEORY OF ELECTRON MICROSCOPY. 4 hours
Prerequisites: BIOL 222-223, 224-225 or consent of instructor.
A course in the fundamentals of electron microscopy including basic theory, techniques for specimen preparation and photography, and operation of the electron microscope. Lecture, two hours; laboratory, four hours. (fall). Online Syllabi

407 VIROLOGY. 3 hours
Prerequisites: BIOL 220-221 and a microbiology course.
A study of bacterial, animal and plant viruses with special emphasis on the chemistry and replication of bacterial viruses. Lecture, three hours. (spring, odd years). Online Syllabi

408 INVERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY. 4 hours.
Prerequisites: BIOL 224-225.
A survey of the phyla of invertebrate animals, including their taxonomy, morphology, physiology, development, and evolution. Lecture, two hours, laboratory, four hours. (spring, odd years). Online Syllabi

411 CELL BIOLOGY. 3 hours.
Prerequisites: Junior or Senior status.
A lecture series emphasizing the morphological and chemical make-up of cells, the physical and chemical properties of the cell, and the modern techniques for investigation of cellular functions. Lecture, three hours. (spring). Online Syllabi

412 CELL BIOLOGY LABORATORY. 1 hour.
Pre/Corequisite: BIOL 411.
A laboratory course correlated with BIOL 411. Laboratory, two hours. (spring). Online Syllabi

415 ECOLOGICAL METHODS. 3 hours
Prerequisites: BIOL 315 or consent of instructor.
A course emphasizing the collection, manipulation and analysis of ecological data using a variety of techniques in aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Lecture, one hours; laboratory, four hours. (fall, odd years). Online Syllabi

420 INTRODUCTION TO TOXICOLOGY. 3 hours. GEN ED (W)
Prerequisites: BIOL 120-121; CHEM 314 or equivalent.
Toxicology is the study of the adverse affects of inorganic and organic molecules on living organisms. The course will provide an understanding of the basic principles of toxicology for undergraduate majors and minors in the natural sciences. Lecture, three hours. (fall, even years). Online Syllabi

430 EVOLUTION: THEORY AND PROCESS. 3 hours. GEN ED (W)
Prerequisite: BIOL 327 or permission of instructor.
A study of the development of the evolutionary theory and the processes of evolution including natural selection, population genetics, molecular phylogenies and modes of speciation. Lecture, three hours. (spring). Online Syllabi

446 BIOCHEMISTRY I. 3 hours.
Prerequisite: CHEM 314 or 340.
A study of biochemical compounds and their role in intermediary metabolism. Special topics include biochemical energetics and coenzyme mechanisms. Lecture three hours. (fall, spring). Online Syllabi

447 BIOCHEMISTRY LABORATORY. 2 hours. gen ed
Corequisite or prerequisite: BIOL/CHEM 446.
A basic laboratory study involving selected experiments which illustrate biochemical principles including separation, identification and chemical proprieties of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and enzymes. Laboratory, fiver hours. (fall, spring). Online Syllabi

450 RECOMBINANT GENE TECHNOLOGY. 3 hours.
Prerequisite: BIOL 230 and 446.
Laboratory oriented course that emphasizes the basic techniques required to clone DNA, recover the cloned gene, and sequence the gene. Laboratory, six hours. (spring). Online Syllabi

456 ICHTHYOLOGY. 4 hours.
Prerequisites: BIOL 224-225 and consent of instructor.
A survey of the fishes of the world, their physiology, structure, behavior and ecology. Special emphasis will be placed upon the collection and identification of freshwater species of Kentucky. Lecture, two hours; laboratory, four hours. (spring, odd years). Online Syllabi

459 MAMMALOGY. 3 hours
Prerequisites: BIOL 122-123.
Taxonomy, life history and ecology of the mammals. Laboratory work includes field studies and collection and study of specimens in the laboratory. Lecture, 2 hours; laboratory, 2 hours. (fall, even years). Online Syllabi

460 PARASITOLOGY. 4 hours.
Prerequisites: BIOL 224-225.
A study of the morphology, physiology, life histories, control and economic significance of representative species. Lecture, two hours; laboratory, four hours. (fall, even years). Online Syllabi

464 ENDOCRINOLOGY. 3 hours.
Prerequisites: BIOL 220-221; BIOL 446-447 strongly recommended.
A study of the structure and function of the endocrine glands and their role in physiological communication and regulation. Lecture, three hours. (fall, odd years). Online Syllabi

467 BIOCHEMISTRY II. 3 hours.
See Biochemistry. Online Syllabi

469 COOPERATIVE EDUCATION IN BIOLOGY III. 3 hours.
Prerequisite: Senior level. Practical out-of-the classroom experience in a supervised work situation with a cooperating business, industry, or governmental agency, emphasizing application of knowledge and skills in specific areas of biology. (every semester and summer). Online Syllabi

470 PATHOGENIC MICROBIOLOGY. 4 hours
Prerequisites: BIOL 309-310 or consent of instructor.
A study of the organisms causing disease with emphasis on bacteria. The course will survey pathogenic bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. Lecture, three hours; laboratory, two hours. (fall) Online Syllabi

472 APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY. 4 hours.
Prerequisites: BIOL 207-208 or 309-310.
A study of the roles of microorganisms in food preservation, fermentation, spoilage and food intoxication. Production of microbial products of industrial interest; application of modern microbiological techniques to industrial processes; interrelationships between microorganisms and their environment. Lecture, three hours; laboratory, two hours. (spring odd years). Online Syllabi

473 INTERACTIONS IN THE CAVE AND KARST ENVIRONMENT. 3 hours.
Prerequisites: BIOL 120-121 or equivalent.
Discussion of biological diversity, groundwater and humanity's role in utilizing and conserving the unique features of karst areas and use of these areas in teaching. Not applicable to a major or minor in agriculture, biology or geography and geology. Cross listed with agriculture and geography. (every summer). Online Syllabi

475 SELECTED TOPICS IN BIOLOGY. 1-3 hours.
Prerequisite: Consent of instructor.
A consideration of special topics to acquaint the advanced student with significant problems and developments of current interest in biology. May be repeated with a maximum of 6 hours counted for graduation. (every semester and summer). Online Syllabi

483 MULTIVARIATE METHODS IN BIOLOGY. 4 hours.
Prerequisites: Junior standing and a course in statistics, or consent of instructor.
Application of multivariate statistical analysis techniques to problems in the biological sciences. Principal component and factor analysis, canonical discriminant analysis, correspondence analysis, distance metrics and clustering, canonical correlation, repetitive sampling, randomization. Not a course in mathematical statistics; rather, emphasis is on experimental design, selection of appropriate methods for testing particular hypothesis, and the analysis of real data. Lecture, three hours; laboratory, two hours. (spring) Online Syllabi

485 FIELD BIOLOGY. 3 hours.
Prerequisites: Major or minor in the life sciences and consent of instructor.
An intensive field experience on a specific biological topic, consisting of a two-week field trip to a geographical area of biological interest preceded by a four-day introductory session and followed by a one-day evaluation session. (summer). Online Syllabi

486 SENIOR ENVIRONMENTAL SEMINAR. 1 hour. gen ed
Prerequisite: Senior standing.
Current environmental issues discussed by invited lecturers, including identification of possible careers in environmental fields. (on demand). Online Syllabi

492 CLINICAL INTERNSHIP IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY. 8 hours.
Prerequisites: Student must have completed the course requirements in medical technology and have been accepted to an accredited medical technology school.
An internship in an accredited medical technology school with a curriculum that includes both daily instruction in basic theory and corresponding laboratory experience. (summer). Online Syllabi

493 CLINICAL INTERNSHIP IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY. 14 hours.
Prerequisites: Student must have completed the course requirements in medical technology and have been accepted to an accredited medical technology school.
An internship in an accredited medical technology school with a curriculum that includes both daily instruction in basic theory and corresponding laboratory experience. (fall). Online Syllabi

495 MOLECULAR GENETICS. 3 hours.
Prerequisites: BIOL 450.
A study of the molecular basis of genetics and heredity of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Lecture, three hours. (fall). Online Syllabi