4 ___ is(are) the sensory (receiving) part of a neuron.

a. axonal terminals                b. synaptic end bulbs          c. dendrites           d. the cell body

5 The most common structural type of neuron is the __type.

a. multipolar          b. bipolar               c. unipolar             d. afferent

6 The typeof neuroglial cell that circulates CSF is the _____.

a. astrocyte           b. ependymal cell                 c. microglia            d. oligodendrocyte

7 Neurons do not ____.

a. have long lives                 b. have a high metabolic rate             c. get large             d. reproduce rapidly

8  ____ produce myelin sheaths for neurons in the CNS.

a. Schwann cells                   b. microglia            c. astrocytes        d. oligodendrocytes

9 As the potential across the axolemma becomes less negative (approaches zero), we say this is _____.

a. depolarization                   b. hyperpolarization             c. repolarization                    d. latency

10 In the first part (Hodgkin cycle) of the action potential, the axolemma becomes _____.

a. more permeable to Na+                              b. less permeable to Na+                                c. thinner               d. thicker

11 During the _____ refractory period, a new action potential cannot be generated in an axon.

a. absolute             b. relative               c. postsynaptic     d. presynaptic

12 The major and integration center for the autonomic nervous system and endocrine system is the ________.

a. adrenal gland                    b. hypothalamus                  c. spinal cord        d. pineal gland

13 In most cases, the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS have ________ effects on organs.

a. similar b. inhibitory          c. opposite            d. exactly the same

14 Which of the following is not a function of CSF?

a. floating the brain                              b. protecting the brain from trauma (blows)

c. transporting hormones                   d. allowing blood to circulate to the brain

15 Which of the following is not a characteristic of reflexes?

a. may be acquired               b. predictable        c. never consciously modified           d. are involuntary

16 Which of the following receptors do not measure touch or deformation in or near the skin?

a. Meissner's corpuscles    b. Merkel disks     c. Pacinian corpuscles         d. Golgi tendon organs
 
 

26 A weak, localized change in potential in a neuron is a(an) _________.

a. graded potential               b. action potential                                c. voltage gate      d. sodium pump

 

27 The primary positive ions involved in action potentials are:

a. sodium and calcium         b. phosphate and sodium   c. potassium and calcium    d. potassium and sodium

28 Threshold potential for an action potential is about ___.

a. 0 mV                   b. –70 mV               c. –50 mV               d. 50 mV

29 Most synapses in the nervous system occur between _________.

a. dendrites and axons        b. dendrites and axonal terminals      c. dendrites and dendrites      d. axons only

30 An action potential begins in the ___.

a. dendrites           b. axonal terminals               c. axon hillock       d. nucleus

31 Nicotinic receptors are a type of ______ receptor.

a. muscarinic         b. cholinergic        c. adrenergic         d. none of these

32 The ____ is the fight or flight system.

a. ANS sympathetic division             b. ANS parasympathetic division    

c. voluntary nervous system             d. endocrine system

33 _______ are pain receptors.

a. mechanoreceptors           b.  thermoreceptors              c. chemoreceptors                d. nociceptors

34 _____ receptors don’t adapt quickly to repeated stimuli.

a. phasic                                b. mechanoreceptors           c. tonic                   d. none of these

35 Receptors made of dendrites with special covers on them are termed ____.

a. free     b. warm                  c. protected           d. encapsulated

 

1 Parallel, pennate, convergent and circular best describe arrangements of _________.

a. fibers                  b. fascicles            c. T tubules           d. myofibrils

2 The I band has no  _____________.

a. thin filaments                    b. thick filaments c. Z lines or disks                 d. elastic filaments

3 Myofibrils are made up of _______.

a. sarcomeres        b. fascicles            c. osteons              d. actin

4 Thin filaments contain all of these except ______________.

a. actin                   b. tropomyosin     c. myosin               d. troponin

5 _____________ blocks the binding sites for myosin on actin.

a. Troponin           b. Tropomyosin                    c. Myosin              d. Calcium

6 ____ ions are stored in the terminal cisternae.

a. Potassium          b. Calcium              c. Chlorine             d. Sodium

7 _____ are responsible for urine concentration.

a. cortical nephrons             b. juxtamedullary nephrons         c. ureters                       d. smooth muscles

8 The bladder normally holds about ___ of urine when full.

a. 0.25 liters           b. 0.5 liters                             c. 1.5 liters                             d. 10 liters

9 What proportion of the water you use is a byproduct of your metabolism?

a. 10%                    b. 25%                    c. 90%                    d. all

10 Which must be greatest for proper kidney function?

a. glomerular hydrostatic pressure                    b. blood osmotic pressure 

c. capsular hydrostatic pressure                       d. bladder pressure

11 Which is not an intrinsic mechanism for controlling glomerular filtration rate?

a. myogenic                                           b. sympathetic nervous control

c. tubuloglomerular feedback             d. renin-angiotensin mech.

12 Tubular reabsorption occurs mostly in the _____.

a. distal convoluted tubule       b. loop of Henle      c. proximal convoluted tubule       d. collecting duct

13 The joints formed by the bodies of the vertebrae are:

A) sutures             B) hinge joints      C) symphyses       D) synovial joints

14 Fascicles are bundles of ___________ surrounded by ___________.

a. fibers, epimysium                                             b. fibers, perimysium          

c. myofilaments, endomysium                            d. myofilaments, sarcolemma

15 The greatest range of motion occurs at:

A) synchondroses               B) pivot joints       C) hinge joints                      D) ball-and-socket joints

16 The irregularly shaped lamellae that make up spongy bone are called:

a. circumferential lamellae                   b. bone bits           c. trabeculae          d. osteons

17 The most common type of bone development is:

a. endochondral ossification              b. intermembraneous ossifications

c. ectomenbraneous ossification       d. endoperitoneal ossification

18 Which type of joint does not allow angular movement?

a. condyloid          b. saddle                                c. plane                  d. ball and socket

19 Movement away from the midsagittal line of the body is:

a. flexion                b. extension           c. abduction          d. adduction

20 Which is a functional characteristic of muscle tissue?

a. excitability         b. contractility      c. extensibility       d. all of these

21 In ___, the deep fascia extends as a tendon or an aponeurosis to another structure.

a. fleshy attachments          b. indirect attachments        c. direct attachments           d. myofibrils

22 A urinary sphincter is an example of a ______ arrangement of fascicles.

a. convergent        b. multipennate                     c. circular               d. parallel

23 A single power stroke can shorten a muscle fiber by roughly:

a. 10%                    b. 30%                    c. 1%                      d. 65%

24 Efficiency of energy transfer in muscles is approximately ____.

a. 5%                      b. 25%                    c. 60%                    d. 95%

25 Increased heat and calcium ion availability in subsequent muscle contractions may cause the ___.

a. Treppe effect                    b. von Trapp effect              c. escalator effect                 d. ladder effect