Fig. 4.7  Bacteriophage 434 repressor bends DNA when it binds to DNA (a center & right).  Bending of DNA by the TATA-binding site (b) by the TATA-binding protein (TBP).

Fig. 4.8  Denaturation by heat or pH > 11.3, and renaturation.

Fig. 4.9a  Melting curve for double and single stranded DNA.

Fig. 4.10  Denaturation and renaturation of closed circular (a) and nicked (b) circular DNA.

Fig. 4.11  Supercoiled (Form I) and relaxed (Form II) closed circular DNA.

Fig. 4.16  DNA synthesis at replication fork.