BIOL 131- Human Anatomy and Physiology

BIO 131 Human Anatomy and Physiology

Exam 1: 2/10/97 Dr. Crawford

I. MULTIPLE CHOICE : Please choose the single best answer from the list provided with each question. (1.5 pts each)

1. In a negative feedback mechanism, the output is in __________ from the input.
a) an opposite direction b) the same direction c) completely unrelated
2. Intracellular fluid (ICF) refers to the water and solutes
a) in plasma b) inside the cells c) outside the cells d) in the stomach
3. Glycogen is a _______.
a) monosaccharide b) disaccharide c) polysaccharide d) starch
4. A fatty acid is most likely to be liquid at room temperature if it is ____________.
a) saturated b) unsaturated c) water soluble
5. Cholesterol is a ___________.
a) fatty acid b) steroid c) phospholipid d) protein
6. This level of structural organization is composed of two or more different types of tissues and usually has a recognizable shape.
a) cells b) molecules c) organs d) bosons
7. Enzymes are ______.
a) lipids b) inorganic c) carbohydrates d) proteins
8. The elements, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen make up around _____ % of the body.
a). 96% b) 4% c) 0.1% d) are never found in the human body
9. ___________ is the separation of inorganic acids, bases, and salts into ions in a solution.
a) molarity b) solvent c) oxidation d) ionization
10. Human blood has a pH of about 7.4. This means it is ___________.
a) acidic b) very basic c) slightly basic d) neutral
11. A solution of pH 4 is ______ times as acidic as a solution of pH 7.
a) 10 b) 3 c) 1000 d) 100
12. Choose the solution that is the most basic or alkaline. One with a pH of
a) 2.3 b) 5.6 c) 4.9 d) 6.5
13. Cell membranes consist of __________.
a) phospholipids b) cholesterol c) proteins d) all of the previous choices
14. Diffusion of a substance by binding to a membrane carrier protein and powered by kinetic energy is called ___________.
a) simple diffusion b) osmosis c) facilitated diffusion d) receptor-mediated endocytosis
15. In osmosis, water moves from the __________ towards the __________ side of a biological membrane.
a) hypotonic, hypertonic b) hypertonic, hypotonic c) hypertonic, isotonic d) hypotonic, isotonic
16. In a hypotonic solution, a cell will
a) shrink b) swell c) not change volume d) crenate
17. Ribosomes, the nucleus, and mitochondria are examples of _____________.
a) organs b) organelles c) inclusions d) vesicles
18. When all systems in your body are functioning properly, and its internal environment is maintained within narrow physiological limits, your body is in __________.
a) homeopathy b) homeostasis c) isotonicity d) onomatopoeia
19. The molecule used to store immediately usable energy is __________.
a) glucose b) ATP c) ADP d) kryptonite e) energium
20. Triglycerides and phospholipids differ by the addition of a phosphate group and polar head in phospholipids in place of a ___________ in triglycerides.
a) fatty acid chain b) water molecule c) collagen fiber d) -hydroxy armchair
21. Proteins are formed of long chains of ________.
a) water molecules b) simple carbohydrates c) lipids d) amino acids
22. _________ act as catalysts in metabolic chemical reactions.
a) lipids b) enzymes c) carbohydrates d) heavy metals
23. Hydrophilic and hydrophobic refer to properties simultaneously displayed by __________.
a) proteins b) phospholipids c) carbohydrates d) fatty acids
24. A nerve fiber is a long ________.
a) dendrite b) axonal terminal c) axon d) astrocyte
25. At rest, the charge of the inner surface of the plasma membrane of most cells is _______ compared to the outer surface.
a) negative b) positive c) the same d) double
26. _______ neurons carry signals from the CNS to the effectors.
a) sensory b) afferent c) motor d) nasal
27. ________ channels open in the membranes of neurons in response to the presence of neurotransmitters.
a) voltage-gated ion channels b) chemically-gated ion channels c) mechanically-gated channels
28. The sodium-potassium ATPase pumps _____ ions into the cell.
a) K+ b) Na+ c) neither a nor b d) both a and b
29. Depolarization is a _______ in the absolute value of the membrane potential compared to the resting potential.
a) increase b) reduction c) no change
30. Which solution has the highest osmotic pressure?
a) 1 M sucrose b) 1M NaCl c) 1M CaCl2 d) all would be the same.
31. Protein channels connect cytoplasm of adjacent neurons in a ________________ synapse.
a) presynaptic b) postsynaptic c) chemical d) electrical
32. Synaptic vesicles contain _________.
a) ion channels b) neurotransmitters c) Na+ ions d) hormones
33. Of the 4 chemical classes of neurotransmitters, which includes the catecholamines (e.g. norepinephrine)?
a) Acetylcholine b) biogenic amines c) amino acids d) peptides
34. _________ helps protect the brain by 'floating' it.
a) cerebrospinal fluid b) plasma c) water d) urine
35. Cerebrospinal fluid is synthesized and secreted by the
a) solar plexus b) silver lexus c) choroid plexus d) pituitary gland
36. Movement of a substance across a membrane, against a concentration gradient, that requires ATP is called.
a) diffusion b) facillatated diffusion c) osmosis d) active transport
37. The integration center of a reflex is generally located in the ________
a) PNS b) CNS c) hypothalamus d) pituitary
38. Somatic reflexes activate ______.
a) smooth muscle b) glands c) skeletal muscle d) cardiac muscle
39. Resting membrane potential is due to
a) unequal distribution of ions b) higher permeability of the membrane to K+ c) higher permeability of the membrane to Na+ d) a and b e) a and c
40. Sensory input to the CNS enters the spinal cord through the
a) dorsal roots b) ventral roots c) autonomic nerves d) motor nerves
41. Stimuli that is transduced and percieved as pain are sensed by _____________.
a) mechanoreceptors b) thermoreceptors c) chemoreceptors d) nociceptors
42. Gaps in the myelin sheath along the length of an axon are called
a) Nodes of Ranvier b) gap junctions c) synapses d) neuroglia
43. White Matter consists primarily of ____________
a) dendrites b) cell bodies (soma) c) myelinated axons d) neuroglia
44. Movement of ions is influenced by these 2 forces
a) osmosis and gravity b) matter and anti-matter c) barometric pressure and osmosis d) diffusion and electrical
45. At rest, which ion would show the greatest flow across the cell membrane if suddenly the membrane was made equally permeable to all ions.
a) K+ b) Na+ c) Cl- d) all would be the same
46. The ____________ is the overall controlling center for the autonomic nervous system?
a) thyroid b) pituitary c) adrenal cortex d) hypothalamus
47. The action potential is composed of 2 phases
a) quarter, then half b) depolarization then repolarization c) repolarization then depolarization d) hyperpolarization then depolarization.
48. During depolarization of a nerve cell, which channel is open
a) Ca2+ b) K+ c) Na+ d) Cl-
49. During repolarization of a nerve cell, which channel is open
a) Ca2+ b) K+ c) Na+ d) Cl-
50. The brain weighs about 2% of the total body mass, but receives ______% of the blood supply.
a) 2% b) 5% c) 20% d) 50%

SHORT ANSWER:

51. Place the following events that occur at a chemical synapse in their proper chronological order (10 pts)

a) synaptic vesicle fuses with the membrane 1. _____
b) a chemically-gated Na+ channel opens 2. _____
c) the action potential reaches the axon terminal 3. _____
d) a neurotransmitter diffuses across the synapse 4. _____
e) a voltage-gated calcium channel opens 5. _____
f) neurotransmitter binds to a receptor on the post-synaptic cell 6. _____
g) calcium enters the presynaptic cell 7. _____
h) a neurotransmitter is released into the synapse 8. _____
I) a post-synaptic depolarization occurs 9. _____
j) Na+ enters the post-synaptic cell 10._____

SHORT ESSAYS (5 pts. each)

52. Form Follows Function! Explain what this means using the example of human teeth. ( 5 pts.)

53. Describe the difference between primary and secondary active transport ( 5 pts)

54. What is the blood-brain barrier and what is its therapeutic implications (5 pts)

Extra Credit Section (1 pt. each)

EC1. The most important solute in terms of quantity in the extracellular fluid is __________.
a) potassium b) sodium c) chloride d) phosphorus
EC2. Pia Matter, Arachnoid and Dura Matter are __________
a) names of alternative rock bands b) the 3 forces of Nature c) layers of the earths crust d) meninges

Author: Kenneth M. Crawford

Last Update : Tuesday, August 05, 1997 - 10:31:36 AM