Enclosed is the first addendum to the report prepared by Dr. Scott A. Grubbs (Grubbs, 1998) that was previously submitted to the The Maryland Heritage and Biodiversity Conservation Program, Department of Natural Resources, in partial completion of a grant awarded to Richard E. Jacobsen (and myself) in 1995. This report, similar to the original, details S. A. Grubbs portion of the grant, addressing the distributional status of Plecoptera (stoneflies) inhabiting flowing water systems of the Appalachian Mountains of western Maryland. While this research originally focused on seep- and spring-inhabiting stoneflies of the Appalachian Plateaus, Ridge and Valley, and Blue Ridge Physiographic Provinces, a much wider variety of habitats were sampled in years 1994-1999 ranging from seeps and springs to trout streams to large rivers throughout Allegany, Frederick, Garrett, and Washington Counties. In this report I have included records of all material collected through 1999.
The stonefly fauna of Maryland had received little attention compared to recent and comprehensive inventories from each adjacent state: Delaware (Lake, 1980), Pennsylvania (Masteller, 1996), Virginia (Kondratieff and Kirchner, 1987), and West Virginia (Tarter and Kirchner, 1980). Only 33 species were listed as recently as 1986 (Stark et al. 1986). Duffield and Nelson (1990) added 25 new records based on specimens collected solely from Big Hunting Creek, Frederick County, a trout stream in the Blue Ridge Physiographic Province. The recent paper by Grubbs (1997) added 36 new records and increased the total numbers of species reported from the state to 95. Subsequent collecting by this author has increased the state total to 103 species (Appendix 1). In total, 80 species have close zoogeographic affinities with the Appalachian Mountains.

There are no species of Plecoptera that are endemic solely to Maryland. In 1971, Drs. Herbert Ross and Bill Ricker described a new species, Allocapnia zekia, known at that time only from the Zekiah Swamp, based on a single male specimen (Ross and Ricker, 1971). However, they indicated that the species may only be a variant of A. wrayi. Subsequent research by Dr. Boris Kondratieff and Fred Kirchner showed that indeed A. zekia was a synonym of A. wrayi (Kondratieff and Kirchner, 1982).

Overall, the purpose of this report is to provide information on the status of all stoneflies known to occur in the Appalachian region of western Maryland. In the body of this report, as indicated by bold type, detailed collection data is provided only for those species whose distribution in eastern North America (including Maryland) is limited or indicative of a range extension (Appendix 2). Fresh adult material was collected, and occasionally reared in years 1995-1996 only, by the author and R. E. Jacobsen (now at Everglades National Park), with an emphasis on public lands (Appendix 3). Material were also examined from the United States National Museum (USNM) and Carnegie Museum of Natural History (CMNH), and the personal collection of Dr. Rebecca F. Surdick (Winchester, Virginia).

 

Family Nemouridae

Subfamily Amphinemurinae

 

Genus: Amphinemura

 

 A. delosa (Ricker) -- This species is widely distributed across eastern North America and was first reported from Maryland by Grubbs (1997). I have collected A. delosa from only five localities in western Maryland, four of which are in Allegany County.

 

 A. nigritta (Provancher) -- This species is widely distributed across eastern North America. I have collected A. nigritta extensively through Allegany and Garrett Counties and commonly in Frederick and Washington Counties.

 

 A. wui (Claassen) -- This species is widely distributed across the Appalachian Mountains. I have collected A. wui extensively throughout Garrett County and sporadically in Allegany, Frederick and Washington Counties.

 

Subfamily Nemourinae

 

Genus: Ostrocerca

 

 O. albidipennis (Walker) -- This species is widely distributed across the Appalachian Mountains. First reported from Maryland by Duffield and Nelson (1990) from Big Hunting Creek, I have collected O. albidipennis from numerous small spring-fed streams in Allegany and Garrett Counties.

 

 O. complexa (Claassen) -- This species is distributed through the central and northern Appalachian Mountains. First reported from Maryland by Grubbs (1997), I have collected O. complexa from only a limited number of small spring-fed streams in the Savage River Drainage (Garrett County).

 

 O. truncata (Claassen) -- This species is widely distributed across the Appalachian Mountains. Similar to O. albidipennis, I have collected O. truncata from numerous small spring-fed streams in Allegany and Garrett Counties.

 

Genus: Paranemoura 

 

 P. perfecta (Walker) -- This species is widely distributed across the Appalachian Mountains. First reported from Maryland by Duffield and Nelson (1990) from Big Hunting Creek, I have collected P. perfecta throughout Allegany and Garrett Counties.

 

Genus: Prostoia 

 

 P. completa (Walker) -- This species is widely distributed across eastern North America and was first reported from Maryland by Grubbs (1997). I have collected P. completa from only four localities in Allegany and Washington Counties.

 

 P. similis (Hagen) -- This species is widely distributed across eastern North America. First reported from Maryland by Duffield and Nelson (1990) from Big Hunting Creek, P. similis has been taken from a variety of stream sizes throughout Allegany County, and from a single spring-fed stream each in Frederick and Washington Counties.

 

Genus: Shipsa 

 

 S. rotunda (Claassen) -- This species is widely distributed across North America, ranging from the southern Appalachians north to the Canadian Maritime Provinces, and swinging west across the Canadian Prairies to Alaska. Although reported from Maryland (Stark, 1998), I have not collected S. rotunda, nor am I aware of records from the Appalachian region.

 

Genus: Soyedina

 

 S. carolinensis (Claassen) -- This species is distributed in the southern and central Appalachian region. First reported from Maryland by Duffield and Nelson (1990), S. carolinensis is apparently restricted to the Blue Ridge and Piedmont Physiographic Provinces. My collection records are limited to the Fishing Creek Drainage (Frederick County) and a contributed record from R.F. Surdick from Greenbrier State Park (Washington County).

 

 S. kondratieffi Baumann & Grubbs -- This rare species was only recently described by Baumann and Grubbs (1996) based on material collected in western North Carolina. First reported from Maryland by Grubbs (1997), I have only collected S. kondratieffi from a limited number of small spring-fed streams in the Savage River Drainage (Garrett County; Appendix 2).

 

 S. vallicularia (Wu) -- This species has a broad distribution throughout eastern North America. First reported from Maryland by Grubbs (1997), S. vallicularia appears to be restricted to small spring-fed streams in Allegany County, namely in Green Ridge State Forest and Warrior Mountain Wildlife Management Area.

 

 S. washingtoni (Claassen) -- This species is distributed in the central and northern Appalachian region. First reported from Maryland by Grubbs (1997), I have collected S. washingtoni only from numerous small spring-fed streams throughout the Savage River Drainage and two springs in Swallow Falls State Park (Garrett County).

 

 

Family Taeniopterygidae

Subfamily Brachypterinae

 

Genus: Oemopteryx 

 

 O. contorta (Needham & Claassen) -- This species is broadly distributed throughout the Appalachians. First reported from Maryland by Duffield and Nelson (1990) from Big Hunting Creek, I have collected O. contorta only from Bull Glade Run in Garrett State Forest (Garrett County) and two small-spring fed tributaries of Fishing Creek (Frederick County).

 

Genus: Strophopteryx 

 

 S. appalachia Ricker & Ross -- This species is distributed in the southern and central Appalachians, with western Maryland near the northern limit. First reported from Maryland by Grubbs (1997), I have collected S. appalachia only from small spring-fed streams in the Fifteenmile Creek Drainage (Allegany County)

 

 S. fasciata (Burmeister) -- This species is broadly distributed over eastern North America. First reported from Maryland by Grubbs (1997), I have collected S. fasciata mainly from rivers and large streams throughout Allegany and Washington Counties.

 

Genus: Taenionema 

 

 T. atlanticum Ricker & Ross -- This species is broadly distributed throughout the Appalachians I have collected from T. atlanticum from a variety of stream sizes in Allegany and Garrett Counties, and has also been collected from Big Hunting Creek (Duffield and Nelson, 1990).

 

Subfamily Taeniopteryinae

 

Genus: Taeniopteryx 

 

 T. burksi Ricker & Ross -- This species is broadly distributed throughout eastern North America. I have collected T. burksi from numerous rivers and streams throughout Allegany, Garrett, and Washington Counties.

 

 T. lonicera Ricker & Ross -- This species is distributed throughout the Coastal Plain Physiographic Province of eastern North America, including Maryland (Ricker and Ross, 1968). It is unlikely T. lonicera will be collected from the Appalachian region of western Maryland.

 

 T. maura (Pictet) -- This species is widely distributed throughout eastern North America. I have collected T. maura from a variety of streams sizes throughout Allegany, Frederick, Garrett, and Washington Counties.

 

 T. metequi Ricker & Ross -- This species has been reported from 15 eastern North American states. The distribution of T. metequi in Maryland appears to be limited to the Ridge and Valley Physiographic Province (Allegany and Washington Counties).

 

 T. nivalis (Fitch) -- This species is widely distributed across eastern and western North America. First reported from Maryland by Grubbs (1997), I have collected T. nivalis only from Conococheague and Licking Creeks (Washington County). These records represent a southern range extension in the Appalachian Mountains (Appendix 2).

 

 T. parvula Banks -- This species is distributed throughout eastern North America with western extensions into New Mexico, Colorado, Wyoming, and Alberta. First reported from Maryland by Grubbs (1997), I have collected T. parvula only from the Potomac River in Allegany and Washington Counties.

 

 T. ugola Ricker & Ross -- This species is distributed in the southern and central Appalachian region. First reported from Maryland by Grubbs (1997), I have collected T. ugola from four streams throughout Garrett County and a single stream in Allegany County, and a contributed record from R.F. Surdick from Little Conococheague Creek (Washington County).

 

 

Family Capniidae

 

Genus: Allocapnia

 

 A. aurora Ricker -- This species is distributed primarily along the eastern front of the central and southern Appalachian Mountains, with additional records from Alabama and Mississippi. I have yet to collect A. aurora in western Maryland and the only published record is from Big Hunting Creek (Duffield and Nelson, 1990).

 

 A. curiosa Frison -- This species is found mainly through the central Appalachians. Dr. T.H. Frison described A. curiosa in 1942 and included "Shade Run - Grantsville" (Garrett County) as a paratype locality (Frison, 1942). I have collected large numbers of A. curiosa from streams in the Savage River Drainage (Garrett County) and Green Ridge State Forest (Allegany County).

 

 A. frisoni Ross & Ricker -- This species has a peculiar distribution; A. frisoni is an Appalachian species with a post-glacial relictual population in Wisconsin. First reported from Maryland by Grubbs (1997), I have collected large numbers of A. frisoni from small spring-fed streams from the Appalachian Plateau Physiographic Province only, namely in the Savage River Drainage and Potomac State Forest (Garrett County), and Dans Mountain State Park (Allegany County).

 

 A. frumi Kirchner -- This is a rare Appalachian species that was previously recorded only from the type-localities in West Virginia (Kirchner, 1982). In western Maryland A. frumi has been collected only from two small spring-fed streams in Garrett State Forest (Garrett County; Grubbs, 1997). These records represent a northern range extension (Appendix 2).

 

 A. granulata (Claassen) -- This is a very common species over much of eastern North America. I have collected large numbers of A. granulata throughout Allegany and Washington Counties in rivers and large streams.

 

 A. harperi Kirchner -- This uncommon Appalachian species had been reported only from a few localities in Pennsylvania (Grubbs, 1996), West Virginia (Kirchner, 1982) and Virginia (Kirchner, 1980; Kondratieff and Kirchner, 1991). First reported from Maryland by Grubbs (1997), I have collected A. harperi only from small spring-fed streams in Savage River and Potomac State Forests (Garrett County) along the Savage Mountain - Backbone Mountain Ridges (Appendix 2).

 

 A. illinoensis Frison -- This species is distributed mainly in the northeast and midwest (Ross and Ricker, 1971). A rare and unexpected addition to the Maryland fauna (Grubbs, 1997), A. illinoensis has been collected only from a single small stream atop Savage Mountain (Garrett County; Appendix 2).

 

 A. maria Hanson -- This Appalachian species becomes increasing more common and abundant in the New England states and Quebec. I have collected A. maria in western Maryland only from Sideling Hill Creek (Allegany County).

 

 A. nivicola (Fitch) -- This species is very common over much of eastern North America. I have collected A. nivicola from a wide variety of stream sizes throughout Allegany, Garrett, and Washington Counties, and Duffield and Nelson (1990) reported this species in large numbers from Big Hunting Creek.

 

 A. pygmaea (Burmeister) -- This species is very common over much of eastern North America. I have collected A. pygmaea from rivers and large streams from Allegany, Garrett, and Washington Counties.

 

 A. recta (Claassen) -- This species is very common over much of eastern North America. I have collected large numbers of A. recta from a wide variety of stream sizes throughout Allegany, Frederick, Garrett, and Washington Counties.

 

 A. rickeri Frison -- This species is common over much of eastern North America. I have collected large numbers of A. rickeri from a variety of stream sizes throughout Allegany and Washington Counties.

 

 A. vivipara (Claassen) -- This species is common over much of eastern North America. Although reported from Maryland by Ross and Ricker (1971), I have not collected A. vivipara, nor am I aware of records from the Appalachian region.

 

 A. wrayi Ross -- This species is distributed along the eastern front of the central and southern Appalachian Mountains east to the Coastal Plain Physiographic Province. In western Maryland, A. wrayi is common in small spring-fed streams throughout Green Ridge State Forest (Allegany County) and in large streams and rivers in Washington County.

 

 A. zola Ricker -- This is an Appalachian species found from Kentucky north to New Brunswick. First reported from Maryland by Grubbs (1997), I have collected A. zola only in Allegany County, mainly from Green Ridge State Forest and the Billmeyer Wildlife Management Area.

 

Genus: Paracapnia 

 

 P. angulata Hanson -- This is a common species throughout eastern North America and one of the few eastern species found west of the Mississippi River. I have collected large numbers of P. angulata from small spring-fed streams throughout Garrett County and sporadically in Allegany, Frederick and Washington Counties.

 

 

Family Leuctridae

Subfamily Leuctrinae

 

Genus: Leuctra 

 

 L. alexanderi Hanson -- This species is distributed in the central and southern Appalachians. First reported from Maryland by Grubbs (1997), L. alexanderi is abundant in small spring-fed streams throughout Allegany and Garrett Counties.

 

 L. carolinensis Claassen -- This species is distributed in the central and southern Appalachians. First reported from Maryland by Duffield and Nelson (1990) from Big Hunting Creek, I have yet to collect L. carolinensis.

 

 L. duplicata Claassen -- This is mainly an Appalachian species found from Virginia north to the Maritime Provinces of Canada. First reported from Maryland by Duffield and Nelson (1990) from Big Hunting Creek, I have collected L. duplicata from small spring-fed streams in Garrett, Potomac, and Savage River State Forests (Garrett County) and Green Ridge State Forest and Warrior Mountain Wildlife Management Area (Allegany County).

 

 L. ferruginea (Walker) -- This species is common throughout eastern North America I have collected large numbers of L. ferruginea from numerous spring-fed streams throughout Garrett County and sporadically in Allegany, Frederick and Washington Counties.

 

 L. grandis Banks -- This is an Appalachian species with a broad, but spotty distribution from North Carolina north to Maine and New Brunswick. First reported from Maryland by Grubbs (1997), I have collected L. grandis from many spring-fed streams in Savage River State Forest (Garrett County) and from a few spring-fed streams in Frederick and Washington Counties.

 

 L. rickeri James -- Prior to the first report of this species from Maryland by Grubbs (1997), L. rickeri was previously recorded only from Alabama, Illinois, Kentucky, Mississippi, Ohio, and West Virginia. I have collected L. rickeri from only two streams in Allegany County. These records represent a eastern and northern range extension (Appendix 2).

 

 L. sibleyi Claassen -- This species has a broad distribution throughout eastern North America. I have collected L. sibleyi commonly from small spring fed-streams in Savage River (Garrett County) and Green Ridge State Forests (Allegany County), and from a few localities in Frederick and Washington Counties.

 

 L. tenella Provancher -- This species is mainly distributed over the northern tier of eastern North America. I have collected L. tenella from a limited number of spring-fed streams in Garrett County and one site each in Frederick and Washington Counties.

 

 L. tenuis (Pictet) -- This species has a broad distribution throughout eastern North America. I have collected L. tenuis from a variety of streams and small rivers in Allegany, Frederick, Garrett, and Washington Counties.

 

 L. variabilis Hanson -- This is an Appalachian species with a spotty distribution from Virginia north to the New England States. First reported from Maryland by Grubbs (1997), I have collected L. variabilis from a limited number of small spring-fed streams in Savage River and Garrett State Forests (Garrett County).

 

Genus: Paraleuctra

 

 P. sara (Claassen) -- This is an Appalachian species with a broad distribution. First reported from Maryland by Duffield and Nelson (1990) from Big Hunting Creek, I have collected P. sara from many spring-fed streams across Allegany and Garrett Counties.

 

Subfamily Megaleuctrinae

 

Genus: Megaleuctra

 

 M. flinti Baumann -- This is a rare and a strictly central Appalachian species. First reported from Maryland by Grubbs (1997), M. flinti occurs in small spring-fed streams across Garrett County, most commonly in the Savage River Drainage (Appendix 2).

 

 

Family Pteronarcyidae

 

Genus: Pteronarcys

 

 P. biloba Newman -- This species is broadly distributed throughout the Appalachian region. First reported from Maryland by Duffield and Nelson (1990) from Big Hunting Creek, I have only collected one adult specimen of P. biloba from Poplar Lick Run in the Savage River Drainage (Garrett County).

 

 P. dorsata (Say) -- This species is widely distributed across North America, ranging from the southern Appalachians north to the Canadian Maritime Provinces, and swinging west across the Canadian Prairies to Montana and Alaska. I have only collected one female of P. dorsata from Sideling Hill Creek (Allegany County), representing a new state record.

 

 P. proteus Newman -- This common species is broadly distributed throughout the Appalachian region and was first reported from Maryland by Duffield and Nelson (1990) from Big Hunting Creek. R. Jacobsen and myself have collected, and R. Surdick has reported, P. proteus from numerous streams and small spring-fed streams across Garrett County, mainly in the Savage River Drainage.

 

 

Family Peltoperlidae

Subfamily Peltoperlinae

 

Genus: Peltoperla

 

 P. arcuata Needham -- This species has a broad distribution across the Appalachian region. First reported from Maryland by Grubbs (1997), I have collected P. arcuata from a limited number of small spring-fed streams from the Appalachian Plateau Physiographic Province (Allegany and Garrett Counties).

 

Genus: Tallaperla 

 

 T. elisa Stark -- Although only reported from Maryland by Duffield and Nelson (1990) from Big Hunting Creek, the identity of these specimens remains in question because T. elisa appears to be restricted to the southern Appalachian region (B. Stark, personal communication). All specimens of T. elisa are likely T. maria.

 

 T. maria (Needham & Smith) -- This species has a broad distribution across the Appalachian region. I have collected T. maria from numerous localities throughout Garrett County, and from a few sites in Frederick and Washington Counties.

 

 

Family Perlodidae

Subfamily Isoperlinae

 

Genus: Clioperla

 

 C. clio (Newman) -- This species is widely distributed across eastern North America. I have collected C. clio from numerous streams and small spring-fed streams in Allegany (Green Ridge State Forest and Warrior Mountain Wildlife Management Area) and Garrett Counties.

 

Genus: Isoperla 

 

 I. burksi Frison -- This species is distributed in the Appalachian, midwest, and Interior Highland regions of eastern North America. The only record of I. burksi from Maryland was provided by Duffield and Nelson (1990) from Big Hunting Creek.

 

 I. gibbsae Harper -- This is a northern and central Appalachian species, with a spotty distribution from Quebec south to West Virginia. The only record of I. gibbsae from Maryland was reported by Duffield and Nelson (1990) from Big Hunting Creek.

 

 I. holochlora (Klapalek) -- This common montane species is widely distributed across the Appalachian region. First reported from Maryland by Duffield and Nelson (1990) from Big Hunting Creek, I have collected I. holochlora from numerous streams in Garrett County and from a single spring-fed stream in Washington County.

 

 I. montana (Banks) -- This is a northern and central Appalachian species, distributed mainly from Pennsylvania north throughout the New England states to eastern Canada and was first reported from Maryland by Grubbs (1997). I have collected I. montana from a limited number of small spring-fed streams in Garrett County, representing a range extension and the southern terminus of this species (Appendix 2).

 

 I. namata Frison -- This species is distributed in the Appalachian, midwest, and Interior Highland regions of eastern North America. First reported from Maryland by Grubbs (1997), I have only collected I. namata from streams in Green Ridge State Forest and the Billmeyer Wildlife Management Area (Allegany County).

 

 I. similis (Hagen) -- This species has a peculiar distribution; I. similis is a wide-spread Appalachian species with a post-glacial relictual population in Wisconsin. I have collected I. similis from Bear Creek and four sites in the Savage River Drainage (Garrett County) and was also reported by Duffield and Nelson (1990) from Big Hunting Creek.

 

Subfamily Perlodinae

 

Genus: Diploperla

 

 D. duplicata (Banks) -- This species is distributed in Coastal Plain Physiographic Province west to the Appalachians from Mississippi north to Pennsylvania. Duffield and Nelson (1990) have provided the only report of D. duplicata from Big Hunting Creek.

 

 D. robusta Stark & Gaufin -- This species is sporadically distributed in the Appalachian and midwest regions of eastern North America. First reported from Maryland by Grubbs (1997), I have only collected D. robusta from Murley Run in Herrington Manor State Park (Garrett County).

 

Genus: Remenus 

 

 R. bilobatus (Needham & Claassen) -- This species broadly distributed across the Appalachian region and was first reported from Maryland by Duffield and Nelson (1990) from Big Hunting Creek. I have collected R. bilobatus from small spring-fed streams in Allegany, Frederick, and Garrett Counties. In addition, R. Surdick provided four records from Washington (Greenbrier State Park) and Garrett Counties.

 

Genus: Isogenoides 

 

 I. hansoni (Ricker) -- This is an Appalachian species with a wide-spread distribution from North Carolina north to the Maritime Provinces of eastern Canada. Cabin John (Montgomery County) is a paratype locality for I. hansoni (Ricker, 1952), but I am unaware of any records from western Maryland.

 

Genus: Malirekus 

 

 M. iroquois Stark & Szczytko -- This is a northern and central Appalachian species, distributed mainly from Pennsylvania north throughout the New England states to Quebec. I have collected M. iroquois from a limited number of small spring-fed streams in the Savage River Drainage (Garrett County). First reported from Maryland by Grubbs (1997), these records represent a range extension and the southern terminus of this species (Appendix 2)

 

Genus: Yugus

 

 Y. bulbosus (Frison) -- This is a southern and central Appalachian species. First reported from Maryland by Grubbs (1997), I have collected Y. bulbosus from a variety of streams and small spring-fed streams only along the Savage Mountain - Backbone Mountain Ridges (Garrett County).

 

 

Family Chloroperlidae

Subfamily Chloroperlinae

 

Genus: Alloperla

 

 A. atlantica Baumann -- This species has a broad distribution throughout the Appalachian and midwest regions of eastern North America. Dr. R.W. Baumann described A. atlantica in 1974 and included "Baltimore" (Baltimore County), and "Little Hunting Creek" and "Fishing Creek - Mountaindale" (Frederick County) as paratype localities (Baumann, 1974). I have yet to collect A. atlantica in western Maryland and is likely limited to the Blue Ridge and Piedmont Physiographic Province.

 

 A. biserrata Nelson & Kondratieff -- This uncommon species is found only in the central Appalachian region and was previously recorded only from West Virginia and Virginia. First reported from Maryland by Grubbs (1997), I have collected A. biserrata only from streams and small spring-fed streams in Green Ridge State Forest (Allegany County). These records represent a northern range extension (Appendix 2).

 

 A. chloris Frison -- This species is broadly distributed throughout the Appalachian Mountains. First reported from Maryland by Grubbs (1997), I have collected A. chloris in Garrett County, mainly from trout streams in Savage River State Forest, and from a single stream in Green Ridge State Forest.

 

Genus: Haploperla

 

 H. brevis (Banks) -- This common species is broadly distributed throughout eastern North America with western extensions across the Canadian Provinces of Saskatchewan, Alberta, and British Columbia. I have collected H. brevis from numerous streams across Garrett County, and sporadically in Allegany, Frederick, and Washington Counties.

 

Genus: Suwallia

 

 S. marginata (Banks) -- This species is broadly distributed throughout the Appalachian Mountains. First reported from Maryland by Grubbs (1997), I have only collected S. marginata from a limited number of trout streams in Garrett County.

 

Genus: Sweltsa

 

 S. lateralis (Banks) -- This species is broadly distributed throughout the Appalachian Mountains. I have collected S. lateralis only from numerous streams and small spring-fed streams throughout Garrett County.

 

 S. onkos (Ricker) -- This species is broadly distributed throughout the Appalachian Mountains. I have collected S. onkos from a variety of streams sizes throughout Allegany, Frederick, Garrett, and Washington Counties.

 

 S. pocahontas Kirchner & Kondratieff -- This is a rare central Appalachian species that was previously recorded only from the type-localities in West Virginia (Kirchner and Kondratieff, 1988). First reported from Maryland by Grubbs (1997), I have collected S. pocahontas only from small spring-fed streams in the Savage River Drainage (Garrett County). These records represent a northern range extension (Appendix 2).

 

 

Family Perlidae

Subfamily Acroneuriinae

 

Genus: Acroneuria

 

 A. abnormis (Newman) -- This common species is broadly distributed throughout eastern North America with western extensions into the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains. I have collected A. abnormis from a variety of stream sizes across Allegany, Garrett, and Washington Counties.

 

 A. arenosa (Pictet) -- This species is found mainly throughout the Coastal Plain Physiographic Province of eastern North America. In the Appalachian region of western Maryland, I have collected A. arenosa from rivers and large streams in Allegany and Washington Counties.

 

 A. carolinensis (Banks) -- This common species is distributed across the Appalachian region. I have collected A. carolinensis throughout the Savage River Drainage (Garrett County) and from Fishing Creek (Frederick County).

 

 A. filicis Frison -- The species is broadly distributed throughout eastern North America. These are no records of A. filicis from the Appalachian region of western Maryland.

 

 A. frisoni Stark & Brown -- This species is distributed across much of eastern North America. In western Maryland I have collected A. frisoni only from Sideling Hill Creek (Allegany County). This is the first state record.

 

 A. lycorias (Newman) -- This common species is distributed throughout the Appalachian and Great Lakes regions. First reported from Maryland by Grubbs (1997), A. lycorias has only been collected from a single river near Frederick (Frederick County).

 

Genus: Attaneuria 

 

 A. ruralis (Hagen) -- This is a large river species that is seldom collected in large numbers but widely distributed across eastern North America. I have collected A. ruralis from the Potomac River in Hancock (Washington County) and from Sideling Hill Creek (Allegany County).

 

Genus: Eccoptura 

 

 E. xanthenes (Newman) -- This species is found in Appalachian streams east throughout the Coastal Plain Physiographic Province (Kondratieff and Kirchner, 1987). I have yet to collect E. xanthenes in western Maryland, and the two available records suggest an Appalachian Maryland distribution confined to the Blue Ridge Physiographic Province. Duffield and Nelson (1990) reported from Big Hunting Creek and R. Surdick provided a record from Greenbrier State Park (Washington County).

 

Genus: Hansonoperla 

 

 H. appalachia Nelson -- This seldom-collected species is restricted to the Appalachian region from South Carolina north to New Hampshire (Kondratieff and Kirchner, 1996). First reported from Maryland by Grubbs (1997), R. Surdick has collected all specimens of H. appalachia known to Maryland from Big Run State Park only (Garrett County).

 

Genus: Perlesta 

 

 P. decipiens (Walsh) -- This species is widely distributed across the eastern United States and extends westward into Nebraska, Colorado, and Wyoming. I have collected P. decipiens from numerous streams and rivers throughout Allegany, Garrett, and Washington Counties. This is the first state record.

 

 P. nelsoni Stark -- Originally described from Smoky Mountain streams, I have only collected P. nelsoni from the Casselman River (Garrett County) and Flintstone Creek (Allegany County). This is the first state record and possibly represents the northern terminus for this species.

 

P. placida (Hagen) -- This is primarily a Coastal Plain species with a boomerang-shaped range from Texas north to Maine. Duffield and Nelson (1990) have provided the only report of P. placida from Big Hunting Creek. Yet I suspect that these specimens are actually one of the few Perlesta species with a strict Appalachian distribution.

 

P. teaysia Kirchner & Kondratieff -- This uncommon species was only recently described from a single Ridge and Valley stream in southwestern Virginia (Kirchner and Kondratieff 1997). In Maryland, P. teaysia appears to be restricted to medium-sized, shale-bottom streams in the Appalachian Mountain section of the Ridge and Valley Physiographic Province (Allegany County). This is a new state record.

 

Genus: Perlinella 

 

 P. drymo (Newman) -- This species is widely distributed across eastern North America. To my knowledge, there are no records of P. drymo from the Appalachian region of western Maryland.

 

 P. ephyre (Newman) -- This species is widely distributed across eastern North America. I have collected P. ephyre from three rivers and large streams in Allegany and Washington Counties.

 

Subfamily Perlinae

 

Genus: Agnetina 

 

 A. annulipes (Hagen) -- This species is found mainly throughout the Coastal Plain Physiographic Province of eastern North America. I have only collected A. annulipes from the Potomac River near Hancock (Washington County).

 

 A. capitata (Pictet) -- This common species is broadly distributed throughout eastern North America. I have collected A. capitata from streams and rivers in Allegany and Washington Counties. This is the first state record.

 

 A. flavescens (Walsh) -- This species is broadly distributed throughout eastern North America. Similar to A. capitata, I have collected A. flavescens from rivers and large streams in Allegany and Washington Counties.

 

Genus: Neoperla 

 

 N. catharae Stark & Baumann -- This species has a boomerang-shaped distribution from the Interior Highland region east to Alabama and Tennessee and north to Ohio and Pennsylvania (Stark, 1997). I have collected N. catharae from three sites in Allegany and Washington Counties. This is the first state record.

 

 N. robisoni Poulton & Stewart -- This species is found in large, lowland streams mainly from the Interior Highlands east through Mississippi and Tennessee (Ernst et al., 1986, Stark, 1990, Poulton and Stewart, 1991). First reported from Maryland by Grubbs (1997), I have collected N. robisoni from three sites in Allegany and Washington Counties. These records represent a significant northeastern range extension (Appendix 2).

 

 N. stewarti Stark & Baumann -- The distribution of this species is similar to Allocapnia frisoni and Isoperla similis, spreading mainly throughout the Appalachian region but with post-glacial centers in Minnesota and Wisconsin. To date, I have collected N. stewarti from two river sites in Washington County. This is a new state record.

 

Genus: Paragnetina 

 

 P. immarginata (Say) -- This species is distributed throughout the Appalachian region of eastern North America. First reported from Maryland by Grubbs (1997), I have collected P. immarginata only from the Savage River (Garrett County), and have also examined a nymphal specimen collected from Muddy Creek (Swallow Falls State Park, USNM; Garrett County).

 

 P. media (Walker) -- This common species is widely distributed throughout eastern North America. Records of P. media from Appalachian Maryland are limited to Big Hunting Creek (Duffield and Nelson, 1990) and mine from the Savage River Drainage (Garrett County).